October 2024

Oct 10, 2024 New Delhi: Whenever people discuss healthcare in India the argument often circles back to core issues that is the accessibility and affordability of such efforts, but for society like ours, where the socio-economic stratification dictates the access to medical interventions confronting such issues is both inevitable and indispensable. Pioneering in this regard ETHealthworld at its annual flagship event the fom•th edition of Healthcare Leaders Summit convened inaugural panel discussion on ‘Promoting Inclusivity in Healthcare: Addressing Disparities and Access Barriers.’ The power-packed panelists for the session included Dr Soumya Swaminathan, Former Chief Scientist, WHO & Chairperson, M S Swaminathan Research Foundation; Rajiv Nath, Managing Director, Hindustan Syringes & Medical Devices Ltd; Vishal Bali, Executive Chairman, Asia Holdings; Annapurna Das, General Manager, Takeda Biopharmaceuticals India and the session was moderated by Vikas Dandekar, Editor, ETHealthworld. Through a video message, the former Chief Scientist of World Health Organisation (WHO) stressed that, “Pandemic-like phenomena are likely to happen more frequently in the future and the shocks we are experiencing because of climate change are impacting our health both directly and indirectly.” “It is very’ important to make equity the centre of the health system which will help to build a strong and resilient health system. Universal health coverage offers a promising solution in this regard by covering both the aspects i.e. delivery of services and financial protection (out of pocket expenditure),” she added. In her address Dr Swaminathan also flagged that, “While there is no doubt that the private sector is delivering healthcare sewices to people in India but at the same time there has to be a balance and if it is pushing more and more people into poverty then it is not the desired end result. To ensure this we need a system which is governed and managed by the government.” “The primary healthcare sector in India needs more investment considering that the majority of the services are delivered by the government as the private sector in India doesn’t play that bigger role in providing primary services,” she added. Sharing his insights another panelist, Vishal Bali said, “With respect to healthcare in India there is a massive demand and supply gap and we need different approaches and models to fill this gap. If we provide an aggressive push to those models which hold the potential to scale fast then we can create an opportunity to fill this gap.” “India is a country which is deficit in action across the entire healthcare ecosystem where it is the number of beds, professionals and given the massive prevalence of both communicable and non communicable diseases we (India) need to have a disease specific healthcare focus,” he added. Palticipating in the discussion, Annapurna Das said, “Private players in India need an end to end scalable strategy where incorporating digital technology and blending onground models is required to expand the target group of patients and deliver accessible quality healthcare. “These fundamental ways which are brick-and-mortar and digitally enabled will help to accelerate the access in private and public”, she added. Coveling the medical devices segment, Rajiv Nath shared, “Any entrepreneur (medical device maker) who sells the product finds that the system is against his/her low cost affordable ethical pricing. Ifthe labeled price is too low then procurement heads of financially driven hospitals are not happy to buy the product because they don’t make money on it and as a result the product becomes a failure. As a potential solution to this challenge, “MRP of medical devices needs to be rationalised by government regulations”, Nath suggested. Adding to his remarks Vishal Bali said, “For country like India which has a highly import-driven healthcare ecosystem and a currency which keeps depreciating the cost of care is growing constantly and especially in the post COVID era if you look at the international technologies their pricing is moving up 30-35 per cent per annum. So ultimately the solution lies in India technology and Indian entrepreneurs who can help to overcome the issues of affordability and accessibility while providing quality products.” Concluding the discussion Annapurna Das, said, “Affordable healthcare is fundamental in creating an inclusive ecosystem.. And to achieve so it requires a synergy between public and private healthcare players and there are some crucial products (drugs) which have a global manufacturing setup for which the private sector has to rely on import pathways. Therefore, it needs more enabling policies which assist them to bring access at the right price point for this countlY (India).” Source: Economic Times

Oct 8, 2024 New Delhi: The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) is planning to list the qualification criteria for medical device testing officers. At present, no qualification is needed, with mostly drugs inspectors deputed to do the job. This follows increasing complaints by the medical device industry – a market that is estimated to be around $11 billion, and expected to grow to $50 billion by 2030. Also read I Drugmakers to face action for submitting wrong and misleading info, DCGI The matter was discussed in the Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) last month, which agreed to amend the Drugs Rules. At present, the Central or state government, by notification, appoints any person it thinks fit to be Medical Devices Testing Officer who pick samples, test and evaluate such medical devices. Based on public interest The medical devices testing officer has the power to propose restricting or allowing the import, manufacture or sale of medical devices – in public interest”. “The samples of medical devices cannot be picked up the way drug are picked up. Devices like MRI or CT Scan machine have to be verified on the site itself for safety features. Therefore, it is very important to depute highly skilled technical officer for the purpose,” said an official aware of the matter. “There’s an acute shortage of competent medical devices officers at Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) and State Licensing Authorities from an engineering and science background to adequately regulate medical devices that have recently come under regulations,” Rajiv Nath, forum coordinator, AiMeD (Association of Indian Medical Devices Industry). Also read I WHO evaluates India’s top drugrgulator, vaccine manufacturing_practices Due to these shortages pharmacists and drug inspectors have been redesignated as Medical Devices Officers and in many cases these are not experts at the diverse range of engineered medical devices they are supposed to regulate,” he said. “This becomes a huge challenge to manufacturers as they struggle to communicate with these regulators who see products like Defibrilator and ventilators from the eye of medicine. It’s like an Air Force officer telling a naval officer what’s expected by the Air Force. The government needs to address this staffing and competence urgently if we are aiming India to be the leading manufacturing hub for medical devices globally as stated in the National Medical Devices Policy 2023.” For safety and performance The government has approached various institution based for designating medical device testing laboratories so that medical devices and in-vitro diagnostic devices available in the market can be tested for safety and performance. Also read I DCGI issues fresh guidelines for drugjnspectors In India, medical devices are a category of almost 5,000 products. Different categories of medical devices may require different kinds of testing infrastructure. Queries sent to the health ministry remained unanswered till press time. Source: Live Mint

Oct 10, 2024 New Delhi: The government has made QR codes mandatory on all vaccines, in a bid to prevent counterfeits and validate the authenticity, the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) on Wednesday told ET. “Recently we have notified that all vaccines would have the QR code. It makes it very easy for the consumer and other stakeholders to identify the genuine products,” Raghuvanshi said. The DCGI said that an aggressive campaign has been initiated in that direction and non compliance will not be accepted. “The other thing which is also helping us a lot is that the current Act has all the provisions to do the prosecutions. Once we find or identify such non compliance action is taken. In the last 2 years wherever we have found this we have actually taken it to a logical conclusion depending on the non compliance that has helped us send a very strong message in the indust1Y that this is not acceptable,” the DGCIsaid. “Things have improved a lot since we started this aggressive campaign against non-compliance. As a regulator we are taking all the measures which are showing us results. There is a lot of movement that we see in terms of awareness and in terms of maintaining the standards,” he added. Raghuvanshi said that in the next phase more products will be added. Source: Economic Times

Sep 28, 2024 New Delhi: A total of 170 AYUSH treatment packages will soon be included in the government’s flagship Ayushman Bharat health insurance scheme, Ayush minister Prataprao Jadhav said on Friday, adding that consultations are in the final stage. The minister also said that to guarantee easy access to Ayush medications, special medical stores on the lines of ‘Janaushadhi Kendras’ would be set up at tehsil level. “Access to a variety of herbal and traditional medicines will be made possible by these stores, improving public healthcare in both urban and rural areas,” Jadhav added during a press conference on 100 clays of the new government. “Discussions with insurance companies to finalise the package cost structures are underway and soon Ayush treatment packages could be availed by the AB-PMJAY beneficiaries. Consultations with the National Health Authority (NHA) are in the final stages,” he said. A total of 170 AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy) treatment packages covering non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypeltension will be included in the scheme, he said. The Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), the largest publicly funded health insurance scheme, provides health cover of Rs 5 lakh per family per year for seconda1Y and tertiary care hospitalisation to 12 crore families. Jadhav, the Union Minister of State for Ayush (Independent Charge), said a Strategic Purchasing Committee has been established to finalise cost structures and guarantee affordable Ayush treatment under the programme. The National Health Authority (NHA) and Ministry of AYUSH have held meetings to discuss the implementation model for the proposed convergence of AYUSH packages with AB PM-JAY, he said. Wider stakeholder consultations involving implementing states and union territories have also been carried out, he added. Jadhav further said the Ministry of Ayush had earlier committed to organise 10,000 camps for elderly citizens within 100 days. “I feel proud to say that 14,692 Ayush camps were organised around the country in a massive outreach effort to meet the healthcare needs of the elderly. Free consultations, therapies, and guidance on holistic health using Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and homoeopathy were offered at these camps,” he said. Jadhav informed that the Ayush minist1Y has established the National Institute of Ayurveda in Haryana’s Panchkula with a Rs 294.91-crore investment. This institute will function as a top-tier teaching and research facility with a 250-bed hospital and undergraduate, graduate, and doctorate programmes in Aymveda. Besides, the preliminmy process for establishing three Central Research Institutes for Yoga and Naturopathy (CRIYN) in Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh has been completed. Fulther, Jadhav said that a donor agreement was signed by the Minist1Y of Ayush and WHO on July 31, 2024, at the WHO headquarters in Geneva. “This deal demonstrates India’s dedication to working with international health organisations and improving the integration of Ayush systems into the global healthcare system. The collaboration seeks to provide evidence-based traditional medicine with a stronger foundation,” he said. Jadhav also mentioned about the MoU (memorandum of understanding) signed between India and Vietnam centered on cooperation in medicinal plants on August 1, 2024. This agreement, witnessed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Vietnamese counterpart, is a major step toward advancing traditional medicine practices worldwide, he said. The minister added, “India and Malaysia have taken a significant step in advancing traditional medicine by signing an agreement on Ayuwecla. This partnership will promote research, knowledge exchange, and the creation of Ayurvedic treatment regimens. It opens a new chapter in the development of India and Malaysia’s bilateral relations.” Jadhav said on August 6, 2024, the Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy (PCIM&H) and the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) signed a historic MoU to carry out the ‘One Herb, One Standard’ initiative. By standardising herbal medications, this initiative seeks to increase the efficacy and security of pharmaceuticals throughout India, he added.   He also mentioned about the “Har Ghar AyurYog” initiative started by the minist1Y with the goal of increasing the uptake of Ayurveda and Yoga among people. Including yoga in the Fit India School certification is one of the highlights, Jadhav said. Source: Economic Times

Sep 29, 2024 The National Medical Council (NMC) has backed out of its decision to include Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in the MBBS curriculum. The Wheelchair Rights Organisation (WRO) has questioned the decision on grounds that it will lead to a generation of doctors who are ill equipped to treat the differently abled people. “This batch of doctors will not be aware of the problems faced by differently abled people and their treatment and hence incompetent to deal with it, which is not good news for us,” said Bavish Bal Thamarassery, president of WRO. The NMC had included Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation alongwith Respiratory Medicine and Emergency Medicine in the curriculum and came out with a stipulation that only those medical colleges that have these departments can enrol students for the MBBS programme. However, it backed out of the decision due to reasons unknown, though the WRO alleges that the NMC was guarding the interests of a section of people. “This has led to a serious crisis in the medical education sector as well as among patients confined to wheelchairs, as the NMC was yet to provide a satisfactory explanation to this,” Mr. Bavish Bal explained. With this decision, a generation of doctors will not study or be aware of ailments like paralysis, stroke or spinal injury. “Various organisations of the differently abled were trying to pressurise the Governments to improve the physical medicine and rehabilitation segment, with the number of patients who require the services on the rise. But this decision of the NMC will adversely affect such moves,” Mr. Bavish Bal added. Source: The Hindu

Oct 8, 2024 Union Health Minister JP Nadda has announced several key initiatives aimed at enhancing nutrition support for TB patients and their household contacts. Underscoring India’s resolute commitment to eradicate TB, Mr Nadda informed that the monthly nutrition support under Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana has been doubled from the existing 500 rupees to 1000 rupees for all TB patients during the period of treatment. He said that the government has also decided to introduce energy-dense nutrition supplementation for all patients with BMI less than 18.5. Mr. Nadda added that the government also decided to permit expansion of scope and coverage of Ni-Kshay Mitra initiative under Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (PMTBMBA) including the family members of TB patients. Mr Nadda noted that all TB patients will now receive nutritional support of 3,000 rupees to 6,000 rupees under Ni- Kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY). He further highlighted that the enhancement of NPY support will benefit all 25 lakh TB patients annually and the introduction of Energy Dense Nutritional Supplementation (EDNS) would cover approximately 12 lakh underweight patients. EDNS will be provided to all eligible patients for the first two months of their treatment. This initiative will cost the government an additional 1,040 crores rupees, which will be shared between the central and state governments on a 60:40 basis. The Health Minister said in addition to supporting TB patients, Ni-kshay Mitras will now provide food baskets to the household contacts of TB patients to improve their immunity. This initiative is expected to significantly reduce out- of-pocket expenses incurred by TB patients and their families. He further highlighted that to date, 3,202 crore rupees have been disbursed to 1.13 crore beneficiaries through Direct Benefit Transfer under the Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana. Source: News On Air

Oct 8, 2024 NEW DELHI: Treatment for Alzheimer’s, dementia, heart failure and other illnesses, mostly affecting seniors, may soon get covered under Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB- PMJAY). At present, AB-PMJAY has around 25 health packages catering to needs of the elderly. Govt sources said the National Health Authority, which is the implementing agency for AB-PMJAY, is working towards adding more packages that exclusively tend to geriatric care or old-age related ailments as the number of such beneficiaries is likely to go up significantly, with the govt expanding the scheme to include senior citizens, aged 70 and above, irrespective of their income group. “A committee headed by medical experts reviews health packages under AB-PMJAY regularly. This is a special case though, as focus is one large sub-group that has been included in the scheme. The committee will work towards identifying health issues affecting the seniors, especially those requiring hospitalisation, and try to develop packages so that they can get timely treatment,” a source in the health ministry said. The expansion of AB-PMJAY to include senior citizens will potentially benefit around six crore individuals across 4.5 crore families. Stroke, heart failure, cancer, Alzheimer’s and dementia are some of the common health ailments affecting the elderly. The health ministry official said treatment of these ailments and complications thereof are likely to be addressed in special packages being planned for the elderly. Dr Prasun Chatterjee, additional medical superintendent at the National Centre for Ageing, told TOI that conditions such as Alzheimer’s and dementia are fairly common among the elderly and they are also linked to increase risk of infections necessitating hospitalisation. “Acute conditions affecting the elderly include heart failure, fractures, and cancer among others,” he said. Dr Vinay Aggarwal, chairman of the action committee of Indian Medical Association, said, “We often come across elderly people suffering from serious illness or comorbidities who have no support. There are cases in which even their children are reluctant or not available to support them financially for treatment. The govt scheme can certainly help them tide over the crisis, if any,” he said. He added that private health insurance is expensive and often reluctant to onboard senior citizens. AB PM-JAY is the world’s largest publicly funded health assurance scheme which was launched in 2018 to provide an annual health cover of Rs 5 lakh per family for secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation to 55 crore individuals of 12.3 crore poor and vulnerable families. The scheme is jointly funded by the Centre and the state in a 60:40 ratio.   Source: Economic Times  

Oct 11, 2024 Roughly 15.5 million U.S. adults have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and most of them struggle with gaining access to treatment for the condition, according to data from a U.S. study released on Thursday. Only about one-third of those reporting a diagnosis of ADHD said they had received a prescription for a stimulant drug used to treat it in the previous year, researchers reported in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. In addition, nearly three qualters of those with a prescription for a stimulant drug repolTecl difficulty getting it filled because the medication was unavailable. Worldwide, around 2% to 5% of adults experience ADHD symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This study provides the first prevalence data on ADHD in U.S. adults since 2003. The amphetamine drug, commonly sold under the brand name Adderall, is a first-line, or initial option, treatment for adults with ADHD. Prescribing has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic began, but shortages ofthis and other stimulant medications have affected patients who rely on it, the study found. ADHD symptoms typically begin in childhood. In the suivey, however, 55% of those with the condition said they had been diagnosed as adults. Telehealth policies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic expanded access to ADHD diagnosis and treatment, including medication, the researchers from the CDC noted in the report. Almost half of surveyed individuals had turned to telehealth services for ADHD-related care, including for access to medication. The survey’s findings could help guide clinical care and regulatory decisions, including around prescribing through telemedicine, its authors said. Telemedicine might improve access to behavioral treatment, such as counseling or therapy, as well as for medication prescriptions, for these patients, they said, although research into the effectiveness and safety of telemedicine for ADHD is limited. The study’s estimates are based on National Center for Health Statistics rapid survey data collected during October-November 2023 from 7,046 adults age 18 or older. (Repolting by Puyaan Singh in Bengaluru; editing by Nancy Lapid and Bill Berkrot) Source: Economic Times

Oct 9, 2024 Edinburgh: A major health challenge of our time is when drugs no longer work to treat infections. This happens when the agents that cause infections – they may be bacteria, viruses or fungi – become resistant to the drugs. Antimicrobials are a broad range of medications that act on microbes – like bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. Antibiotics, for instance, are one type of antimicrobial working against bacteria. Resistance to antimicrobial drugs therefore makes it difficult to treat and prevent a wide range of infections. Antibiotic resistance compromises public health programmes, such as TB treatments. It can also compromise other medical interventions where treatment is needed to prevent infection, like surgery, caesarean sections or cancer treatment. The main causes of antimicrobial resistance are the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in humans, animals and plants. Antimicrobial resistance leads to more deaths and illness in Africa compared to anywhere else. The continent recorded 21 per cent of the global antimicrobial resistance related deaths in 2019. In that year, over 1.05 million deaths in Africa were associated with antimicrobial resistance. This poses an exceptional health threat. Worryingly, antimicrobial resistance related deaths are predicted to increase globally. The trend is already being observed in Africa. For example, the latest data shows that the share of E coli infections resistant to cephalosporins (the antibiotic used to treat them) is rising. To change this, it’s necessary to reduce the burden of diseases that require antimicrobial treatment. One group of infectious diseases prevalent in Africa are the neglected tropical diseases (N T Ds). There are already effective tools to prevent and even eliminate them. But every year, millions of people are infected and treated for them using antimicrobials. This increases the risk of spreading resistance. Having been involved in the design and implementation of large-scale neglected tropical diseases control programmes, I argue for a push to eliminate these diseases. This must be done through integrated approaches, including preventive medicine, water and sanitation, and controlling the agents that spread the diseases. Even countries where neglected tropical diseases are not common should make this push, as part of global health security. Controlling neglected tropical diseases Neglected tropical diseases are a group of 21 diverse conditions capable of causing long term health and economic challenges. They are caused by a variety of pathogens including worms, bacteria, fungi and viruses. Of these diseases, six are treated with antibiotics: buruli ulcer, leishmaniasis, leprosy, onchocerciasis, trachoma and yaws. Globally, millions of people with neglected tropical diseases are treated with antimicrobials every year. One of the most effective public health approaches for controlling neglected tropical diseases is preventative chemotherapy, which involves mass drug administration, where people are treated without diagnosis. Nonetheless, it is not sustainable, both in terms of cost and because it increases the risk of antimicrobial resistance. However, preventative chemotherapy is a necessary and effective tool for reducing infection and disease. Since 2012, over 600 million people have been cured of neglected tropical disease infection this way. An example of this is Zimbabwe’s control programme for schistosomiasis (an acute disease caused by parasitic worms), which I’ve been involved with. Preventative chemotherapy was administered to about 5 million children every year between 2012 and 2019. Infection levels were reduced from 32 per cent to just under 2 per cent in children aged 6-15. The latest World Health Organization report from 2022 indicated that just under 1.7 billion people globally required preventative chemotherapy. Of these just under 600 million are in Africa. Another risk for an increase in antimicrobial resistance is that the antibiotics used to treat neglected tropical diseases are also used to treat other infections. For example, azithromycin (for treating trachoma and yaws) is used also to treat other bacterial infections including bronchitis, pneumonia and sexually transmitted diseases. Already, of the six neglected tropical diseases that are treated with antibiotics, five have documented chug resistance. This trend will only increase. It’s therefore vital that neglected tropical diseases are eliminated so that fewer antibiotics and antimicrobials are used. This also protects people from other dangerous infections. Ready-made tools The good news is that the tools to eliminate neglected tropical diseases already exist. Within the past decade, 51 countries have eliminated at least one neglected tropical disease. Underlying these successes are the use of multiple tools, cross-sectoral strategies and sustained efforts to prevent and treat infections. In the case of diseases which are transmitted by animals or insects (vectors), it’s about controlling the vector. For instance, killing the flies that transmit onchocerciasis parasites or snail hosts for schistosomiasis. Similarly, provision of safe water and sanitation facilities is critical for disease elimination. For example, the organisms that cause some diseases spend some stages of their life in faeces (poop). So, when faeces are poorly disposed of, they can contaminate the environment and the disease can be passed on. The World Health Organization has set a target of 100 countries eliminating at least one neglected tropical disease by 2030. This would be a massive health and economic win for countries where the diseases are prevalent. It will also lead to a reduction in antimicrobial use – which is a vital global health goal. (The Conversation) NPK NPK Source: Economic Times

Oct 10, 2024 London: Researchers at the University of Sheffield have been awarded funding for their infectious disease technology that could make life-saving vaccines more readily available to the world. The team, led by Dr Zoltan Kis from the University’s School of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, will receive up to GBP 3.7 million (USD 4. S million) from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations to establish proof-of-concept for RNAbox, a specialised process designed to scale up production of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines at regional vaccine manufacturing sites. The easily adaptable and automated process aims to improve the world’s pandemic readiness by helping to increase equitable access to future doses of different mRNA vaccines as and when needed. It also has the potential to speed up the response to future emerging outbreaks, containing them before they spread to epidemic or pandemic proportions. “The University of Sheffield’s versatile RNAbox builds on the ‘vaccine revolution’ experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic” explains Ingrid Kromann, Acting Executive Director of Manufacturing and Supply Chain at CEPI. “It aims to overcome a number of scientific hurdles which resulted in poorer countries facing devastating vaccine inequity by helping to make high-quality, low-cost vaccines quickly and easily close to the source of an outbreak.” Compared to traditional designs, mRNA vaccines can be more rapidly tailored to different diseases, or different variants of a disease. By using the body’s own machinelY to make proteins that will trigger an immune response rather than injecting the vaccine itself, the smart technology holds promise for tackling a number of other illnesses, including emerging infectious diseases. However, relative to other types of vaccine, mRNA vaccines are currently expensive to manufacture at a high product quality. These vaccines also require complex cold-chain storage and transportation infrastructure, making them extremely difficult to deliver to remote areas or low-resource settings. The RNAbox aims to combat these challenges through its bespoke manufacturing process designed to overcome the need to deliver the vaccine and instead have the mRNA vaccines locally manufactured at small production sites worldwide. Rather than the typical approach where vaccines are made in batches, the RNAbox process will run continuously which could create 7-10x more mRNA at a time and enable more efficient use of raw materials. This fast, optimised vaccine production is critical to the 100 Days Mission, a goal spearheaded by CEPI and embraced by the G7 and G20 to accelerate the development of vaccines and other countermeasures to as little as 100 days from identification of a future virus. CEPI’s investment will explore using the technology to develop vaccines against CEPI priority pathogens, including the viruses causing deadly diseases like Ebola, Lassa fever, MERS and Nipah. Dr Zoltan Kis, from the School of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering at the University of Sheffield, said: “The Covid-19 pandemic demonstrated the importance of being prepared for future pandemics and that we need the necessary tools to respond quickly. We need to tackle outbreaks equitably around the world, as diseases can spread across country borders. “Our RNAbox will accelerate the development of new vaccines and their mass-manufacturing against a wide range of diseases. This transformative technology can also be used to develop much-needed vaccines against a range of unmet needs during non-epidemic/pandemic times. In case of a new epidemic/pandemic, the RNAbox can be quickly adapted to produce vaccines to tackle outbreaks. This will enable vaccine development and manufacturing capacity locally in countries around the world to serve local needs.” Researchers have designed the RNAbox process to use digital-twin technology, where a virtual replica of the vaccine manufacturing approach is modelled on a computer in real-time through smart sensors collecting data on the physical product. This can help the experts optimise their operations by understanding what is happening on the production line. University of Sheffield researchers will also work with vaccine manufacturers in low- and middle-income countries to ensure the technology is fit-for-pmpose in lower-resource settings. Source: Economic Times